Learning and cognition paper Essay

study as it is comm only when used is defined as the encyclopedism of knowledge, skills, behavior, preferences and mind from experiences, whether real, induced or vicarious. Technically, however, encyclopedism is used more broadly by the psychologists, making it almost impossible to give it an exact definition. What can only be done is to describe it in terms of phenomena to which it can or cannot be applied. For example, psychologists say that information need not be indemnify or adaptive, or it does not have to be conscious or deliberate (Hill, 1980).This process is not express to humans. Animals, and even machines may besides undergo this process, although each soulfulnesss learning processes follow several(predicate) learning curves. The role of behavior in an someones learning process is best explained by Banduras Social instruction Theory. This possibleness posits that individuals learn by observing, imitating and modeling other individuals skills, behaviors and a ttitudes, in relation to the bycomes of much(prenominal) skills, behaviors and attitudes.The information gathered from these behaviors, skills and attitudes then, are interpreted, consciously or unconsciously to form whether such(prenominal) behaviors, skills and attitudes would be serve some future beneficial solve (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2009). In other words, people use these behaviors and its consequences as guide for their succeeding behaviors. 2. What are the two different types of learning? The two types of learning usually examined by psychologists are classical teach and operant conditioning.Classical conditioning is the type of learning wherein a reflexive response is evoked by a stimulus (stimulus B) which is different from the stimulus (stimulus A) that originally evoked such reflexive response (Learning and Conditioning, 2009). For example, a somebody had very fond memories of his/her tenth birthday which was held at restaurant A. When asked what his/fa vorite restaurant is, that person would at once blurt out restaurant A.In this example, the positive feeling brought to the highest degree by the memories of the persons 10th birthday had been transferred, or rather, had been encompassing to the place where the persons birthday was held. The other type of learning is called Operant conditioning. This is the type of learning wherein punishment causes the weakening or non-reinforcement of a non-reflexive behavior, and reinforcement strengthens a non-reflexive behavior. Unlike classical conditioning, in operant conditioning, an individual has more control.Meaning, presentation of a stimulus does not inescapably close that a certain reaction leave alone be evoked. In range to receive a certain reinforcement, an individual must behave in certain manner (Learning and Conditioning, 2009). One example of operant conditioning involves a professors attempt to improve his students attendance. To do this, he make a rule that students who obtain a certain number of absences will have an automatic one-point deduction in their final grades. Although he verbalise nothing about any reward for full attendance, the threat of lour grades forced the students to limit their absences.3. What is the relationship between learning and condition? brook a specific example. Jean Piagets theory of intuition lays out 4 legs of cognition that is experienced by pincerren as they progress. From the sensori move end when the childs cognitive system is still limited to his/her motor reflexes, the cognitive system will develop to preoperational thought wherein a child acquires representational skills especially in mental imagery and language. The third stage is the concrete operations wherein the child acquires an index to take another persons point of view.Lastly, although, not everyone reaches this stage, a child becomes capable of limpid and abstract thinking (Sandwell, 1995). Learning as defined earlier refers to the acquisiti on of knowledge, skills and behavior based on experience. Note that the definition involves the world acquisition. Naturally, for an individual who learns and therefore undergo the process of acquisition, he/she should have the capacity to acquire. This is where cognition comes in. Assuming that Piagets theory is indubitable, each individual must necessarily be in one of the four stages.It is the individuals ability or capacity as described in each of the four stages that limits the knowledge, skills or behavior that such individual can acquire or learn. An individual who is still in level one of Piagets cognitive development cannot be expected to reason out with a person who has already attained a Doctorate degree since his/her cognition is limited to motor skills. Such individual cannot also be expected to empathize or learn Algebra because such requires logic and therefore the skills attained in Piagets fourth stage.References Hill, W.(1980). Learning A survey of psychological interpretations. Taylor and Francis USA. Learning and Conditioning. (2009). Alleydog. Retrieved 26 April 2009 from http//www. alleydog. com/101notes/conditioning. hypertext markup language. Learning Theories Knowledgebase (2009). Social Learning Theory (Bandura) at Learning-Theories. com. Retrieved April 27, 2009 from http//www. learning-theories. com/social-learning-theory-bandura. html Sandwell, J. (1995). Piagets stage theory of development. Retrieved 26 April 2009 from http//penta. ufrgs. br/edu/telelab/3/piaget%27s. htm.