Pathogens :: essays research papers fc

Emerging Waterborne Pathogens In todays forage preparation world mobile pathogens are becoming a legitimate threat. Why? Simply because in todays culture large number are quick to blame the food industry for most cases of disintary or other ill effects caused by bacteria. In this paper some(prenominal)(prenominal) things will be discussed. To understand what Im trying to say, you mustiness understand a few key terms. First lets define irrigateborne pathogen. A waterborne pathogen is a micro-organism whose ability to cause disease has late been identified. Now that you know what a waterborne pathogen is lets name a few. 1. bacterium in the form of, Arcobacter Butzleri Helicobacter Pylori And E. Coli 2. Viruses Rotaviruses and Adenoviruses Type 40 and 41 3. Protozoa Acanthamoeba. for each one of these possible pathogens has been identified but according to the WRcs Final declare to the Department of the Environment on Waterborne Pathogens, it is still possible that several u nidentified pathogens may be at large and dangerous. In direct to understand how these pathogens work, and how to destroy them we must understand several of the parts that come them up. Some of these parts are Morphology Biochemical Characteristics Detection Methods heathenish characteristics Health Effects Routes of Transmission Occurrence in Water Sources Sources of ikon and Susceptibility to removal or inactivation by conventional water treatment processes. Each of these parts is used in todays world to identify and destroy existing, and new pathogens. What happens if someone ingests a pathogen in the lead it is identified? Well that is one reason that the Department of the Environment is so concerned. Due to current environmental status new pathogens are appearing semi-daily, and consequently overwhelming those who are working to stop them. One major(ip) example of this is Legionella. Legionella is unique in the fact that 42 strains draw been identified, and yet only one is within our ability to enclose. So seemingly in that location is a major shortage of knowledge on pathogens, and how to operate on them. According to the WRCs report to the Department of the Enviroment The threat which is posed by an organism to contaminate water supplies and cause outbreaks always exists, and furthermore they defer that The threat which is posed by an organism, in terms of its occurrence and distribution in water sources and the ability to remove it is often poorly silent and or completely unknown. Does this alarm anyone else? Just the thought that our government admits that there are diseases out there that we have no ability to control is alarming.

Occurrence Of Dental Caries Health And Social Care Essay

The recent diminution in the happening of alveolar cavities has brought a rewrite in distribution of the cavities job in many populations. At present bulk are patchicularly kids and striplings, extradite no or merely a few cavitated lesions, while for a few the cavities reckon still remains comparatively high.1,6Clinical variables, crabbedly agone cavities contract, have been confirmed as the nigh instantant forecasters of future(a) cavities victimisation. The position of the most late erupted or open surface is the most appropriate timber of past cavities experience. Sociodemographic variables are most of deduction to anticipation hypothetic accounts for vernal kids and older grownups. Microbial degrees are included in the most spotless anticipation models.2Cavities risk idea is an of import portion of preventative dental medicine since cavities is preventable, earliest designation of relevant factors impacting populations that whitethorn increase the calamity o f cavities is of import. Appraisal of single aetiologic factors for bing carious lesions is a requirement for future cavities risk.3 Repeated finding of the caries-risk al firsts an rating of the success or the demand for alteration of preventative steps. Indications of an increased caries-risk in specific population in friendship preventative political programs leave behind let choice of an single preventative programme in order to understate the development of carious lesions.4Multifactorial appraisal of cavities opineDental cavities is a multifactorial disease in which there is interplay of foursome fountainhead factorsThe host ( saliva and teethings ) ,The microbic vegetation ( establishment &038 A micro-organisms )The substrate ( viands ) andThe time.4The contingency of dental cavities back end be evaluated by analyzing and incorporating several causative factors. In day-to-day pattern the caries-risk is determined in order to measure the single patient s hazard, to channelise the chief causative factors and to urge specific preventative steps for single needs.4Cariogram aa A multifactorial appraisal toolThe Cariogram is a cavities hazard forecaster theoretical account that has been essential to depict and cipher the single cavities risk profile. It was developed in 1996 by Bratthall as educational theoretical account, taking at exemplifying the multifactorial background of dental cavities in a uncomplicated way.5 The chief intent of the Cariogram is to show the cavities risk diagrammatically, expressed as the notice to avoid forward-looking cavities in the close hereafter. It besides illustrates to what extent assorted factors affect the Chance. And besides to promote preventative steps before new pits could develop.5The five sectors of the cariogramThe Cariogram, a pie circle-diagram, is divided into five sectors, in the undermentioned alter green, dark blue, ruddy, light blue and xanthous bespeaking the different groups of factors r elated to dental cavities.An account of each sector is as follows.The green sector shows an appraisal of the Actual prospect to avoid new pits. The green sector is what is leftfield when the other factors have taken their portion.The dark blue sector viands is base on a faction of diet contents and diet frequence.The ruddy sector Bacteria is based on a confederacy of sum of plaque and mutans streptococci.The light blue sector Susceptibility is based on a combination of fluoride plan, saliva secernment and saliva pilot film capacity.The yellow sector Circumstances is based on a combination of past cavities experience and related diseases. 75Factors assessed by cariogramThe Cariogram plan with a constitutional algorithm, evaluates the cavities risk profile of an person.Nine factors of relevancy to cavities are entered into the plan and given a mark harmonizing to predetermined graduated tables for each factor.Cavities experienceClinical scrutiny of figure of rotten, filled an d losing dentitions should be recorded. The cavities prevalence is an of import factor as it illustrates how the balance between opposition factors and cavities bring oning factors has been in the yesteryear. If the cavities prevalence is high, it means that the patient has been susceptible to the disease during a past period of clip.Related general diseasesSeveral general diseases, conditions enkindle straight or indirectly act upon the cavities procedure, either through impacting saliva formation and composing, through a caries-inducing dietary form or through medical specialties. Diseases or conditions in early childhood may hold influenced the formation of the enamel.For exemplificationAutoimmune diseases, like Sjogren s syndromeIntake of medical specialtiesRadiation towards the head-neck partDisabilities should be taken into consideration. Because of hapless eye-sight may impact right unwritten hygiene steps. They have troubles in cleaning their dentitions decently.Diet con tentsDiet plays a cardinal function in the development of dental cavities, and there is a correlativity between ingestion of fermentable saccharides and cavities. Fermentable saccharides include dietetic sugars chiefly sucrose, glucose, fructose and cooked starches, which bath be broken down rapidly by salivary amylase to fermentable sugars. A high lactobacillus count will bespeak high saccharide ingestion.Diet frequenceFrequency of consumption of fermentable saccharides is one of the cardinal factors in the appraisal of cavities hazard. 24 hr reminiscence diet history is recorded for frequence of meal consumption. brass section sumPlaque is the direct and of import aetiologic factor for cavities as it harbours micro-organisms. Plaque advocator harmonizing to Silness &038 A Loe ( 1964 ) was used to gauge the plaque sum.Scoring standards for Silnesss &038 A Loe plaque index.PI 0= No plaquePI 1= A movie of plaque adhering to the free gingival border and next country of the tooth. The plaque may be seen in situ merely after application of unwraping solution or by utilizing the investigation on the tooth surface.PI 2= Moderate accumulation of soft sedimentations within the gingival pocket or on the tooth and gingival border which can be seen with the bare oculus.PI 3= copiousness of soft affair within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival border.Mutans streptococcussStreptococcus mutans considered to play active function in the development of cavities, particularly in the early phases of the lesion formation. Mutans streptococcus are acidogenic and acidophilic bacteriums that they can bring forth acids which can fade out the tooth substance and that they can last and even in a low pH environment. They can besides bring forth extracellular glucans, which helps them to adhere to the tooth surfaces.Fluoride programmeFluoride is a really strong factor bring oning opposition to cavities and of importance for remineralisation of early cavities lesi ons. The relevant information on fluorides has to be obtained by patient interviews.Amount vomit up secretedAppraisal of the saliva flow rate is done. The sum and the quality of the spit is recorded. Medication, radiation therapy to caput and cervix that affect the salivary secretory organs, salivary rocks, anorexia nervosa, autoimmune diseases and diabetes mellitus are illustrations of grounds for the low secernment rate. In mensurating saliva flow rate, either unstimulated or stimulated saliva secernment is chosen.Saliva buff capacityThe spit has several of import protective maps, both for dentition and for unwritten mucosal surfaces. Its clearance of nutrient dust, sugars and acids from the unwritten pit is of import for cavities protection.Saliva buffer system seek to maintain pH just about to impersonal. Buffer capacity is of import spits factor that is measured.Clinical opinionThe entire sense of touch of the cavities state of affairs, including societal factors, gives a p ositive position, more positive than what the Cariogram seems to bespeak. The tester would wish to do the green sector bigger or smaller to better or diminish the Chance to avoid cavities sector for the patient.5Estimating cavities hazard utilizing cariogramWhen all the information associating to the factors was estimated, including consequences of the spit trials, the relevant information was entered into the Cariogram computing mould plan to cipher the cavities hazard. Cariogram assesses the hazard of future cavities activity and expresses the consequence as the opportunity of avoiding cavities. The opportunity varies on a graduated table from 0 to 100 % . A 0 % opportunity of avoiding cavities means that lesions will unimpeachably happen over clip ( high cavities hazard ) . And 100 % opportunity of avoiding cavities means that there is no hazard of future cavities activity ( low cavities hazard ) . 8DecisionCariogram theoretical account can be able to place the caries-related factors that could be the grounds for the hereafter cavities hazard anticipation, and hence assist the tooth bushel to be after appropriate preventative measures.9 This caries-risk appraisal should be ingeminate on a regular basis as an assistance in the preventative and non-operative direction of the cavities disease.6 Cavities hazard can be estimated in particular attention kids, disabled, bedfast patients and appropriate cavities preventative actions can be initiated.

Being a Teacher

What is your decision-Pursue teaching profession or NOT. Explain the basis of your decision. I will settle d bear pursue the teaching profession no discipline what. Although this profession does not have salary high as the former(a) profession still I think teaching is very fulfilling in my part. Why do I choose teaching profession everywhere other profession? I think that even though I will earn not so big salary still I will revel teaching. First, I choose this in my own will it is not fitting anybody told me to take this profession. Second, I love communicate and sharing thought or knowledge to others. Lastly, I love children though. on that point overly some reasons I choose teaching profession over others, I see my mother and my sister as a fiber model, a good teacher I think, they are also the very big factor thats why Im in this profession today. Teaching requires a very big skills as you gait your foot on it, at that place will come a sentence you need to be the patience, loving, caring, understandable, etc. NOT only that you have you there your knowledge to teach, but be sure that you love what youre doing. It is not how much you earn, but it is that you see every students smiles, how they thank you as their teacher and the love that the student gives and vice versa.Its also fulfilling to a teachers heart when they see their student graduating and macrocosm a professional someday. Being an Education student today I also compliments to find oneself how heart fulfilling teaching is. Salary? It is just a number or money for the people who truly enjoy their work and felt happiness in what you are doing. I want to experience all things in teaching and I so brilliant that I will succeed this profession. I am really praying to paragon to help me become happy in teaching profession and feel fulfillment on this profession.

All quite on Western front-Enrich Maria Remarque Essay

Remarque, being a veteran German of the World cont cease 1, could depict the physical and psychological duress, the government soldiers had to tolerate. He narrates the mental take of repugn the soldiers had to bear on being detached from civic brio comprising of family and friends. This mental warfare was allying with the field fight. Remarque in his book does not articulate heroism, but he gives a vivid description of the mental unrest the soldier goes through . having once sailed in the same ship, Remarque could feel the monotony and constant fight for bread and butter.This story relates to the kind of trauma and loneliness, the foot soldiers went through. The war had snatched their peace of mind there by causing a bit of alert all the while around them. There was an air of struggle flowing throughout, struggle for piece, struggle for victory, struggle for food and struggle for existence. Remarque remarks, the smell of soldiers are al paths at a jolt and yet they pop old and dead being thoroughly, emotionally drained. The soldiers are here nevertheless escaping from their own self. At this jovial age, the world of love that they had once created is brutally shattered to pieces by their own hands.The author depicts a poignant description by narrating the awe and feeling of being abandoned makes the mental body politic of the foot soldiers all the more morose. The protagonist of the story, Paul Baumer who was moved by his mentor, joined the German army and entangled himself into an unsigned bond of help the country at the price of leaving behind the personal support which had just started showing the colors of youth brimming with high spirits. He had also left behind his ailing mother. But now avenues of self-abasement are lost. Many others like Paul had been a false feast to the futile war.This amusing anecdote throws light on the life in the trenches of the German camp. The outcome of the war brought zippo but destruction, ending and co mplimentary waste of mankind. The youth directly, though bravely, encountered brutality, soiled dead bodies and evident death which might be their awaiting future. The story highlights the psychological in atomic pile resulting out of the touching incidences in the trenches. though being part of the war, the protagonist and his co-mates authorised the futility of the war which had brought with it a needless waste of human life in determine of mass death.The trenches had a miserable and pitiable sight. The priceless human life turned valueless. Even a stone heart would surely pass off at such(prenominal) a terrible death game. The very sight traumatizes people, but the soldiers were facing them boldly. Though trained to be tough, the soldiers break subject at the loss and suffe routs of the fellow beings. The cooks of the army cooks for hundred soldiers but ends up in serving eighty of them. They often show their frustration by declaring not to serve unless all hundred are prese nt.But they realize the fact that this figure would always be a diminishing course of study and complains fatality to none other than fate. The author depicts the character of Tjadesa as a carefree, apathetic person grinning over the cooks reaction. Though it seemed that there were no trace of repercussions on Tjadesa, but it was his unnatural carriage which depicted his concern and fear. He showed joyous expressions despite the losing his comates for ever, this were out of gratitude of suave being alive. Though tjedass behavior seemed weird, but his discrete way of accepting the inevitable losses.The ideas ejaculating out of the soldiers mind were often weird, like they felt the war should have been fought by the leaders within a ring rather than such merciless slaughtering and cruel blood shed. The futility of war has minded(p) rise to restraint traits of human like selfishness, jealousy, envy, violence and being opportunist. eventually the brutal results of the war some how dries up the sense of morality, dignity, empathy and many such emotions in the soldiers and life becomes like an unfertile land reappearanceing nothing grow more unfertile for days to come.Similarly wars too yield nothing but destruction, emptiness and ruined humanity. The war may end in victory but the society is held back by the directionless youth detached from social and moral life and lives with frustrations of shattered dreams. The boisterous youth turns into old folk. The author relates the feelings of Paulas, Youth We are none of us more than twenty years old. But young? Youth? That is unyielding ago. We are old folk. BIBLIOGRAPHY Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the western Front. Wikipedia- All Quiet on the Western Front. www. docshare. com.

Hypocrisy in Democracy Essay

Freedom of Speech Silence What is democracy? Democracy is a form of government where the spate rule, not a dictator, a fairy or aristocrats. Democracy means that populate have a feel pop emerge in law and state. This is impossible to do with extinct a voice. How be people say to run the government if they bent allowed to speak their mind? This is hypocrisy. That is alike telling someone they can travel where ever they fatality as long as it is in this little box. Our voice is the most all important(predicate) tool and weapon that we have possession of. Without our voice, we are no thing. the Statesn is the state of the free and the home of the brave or at least it is conjectural to be. Certain people, like college chairmans and other leaders are trying to absorb a modality the immunity that Americans have. If they succeed in taking away our rights and emancipations, America go forth no longer be a democracy. America pass on turn into a dictatorship. This is unacce ptable. It is written in the constitution that Americans have freedom of speech. Freedom of expression and speech is the First Amendment, the first. It is the first because it is the most important.Without freedom of speech people are unable to learn and grow, unable to muster themselves and allow out, and unable to stand up for what they believe in. If universities get unfreeze of freedom of speech, people ordain be incapable of learning and exploitation into the person they should be. Mis strickles teach people more than anything else could. Mistakes might not be do if freedom of speech is taken away if they are made others would be unable to tell them for fear they might embarrass them. redden worse than that, people would be unable to learn and dispute nearly account statement for fear of hurting other people. Keith John Sampson was said to be guilty for public racial harassment for reading a history have got. This book was most the KKK and how the Irish defeated the m. It was a complete anti-Klan book and a history book, but the university didnt care. Sampson was just trying to stretch forth his knowledge, but he was to be punished. They claimed that he was guilty of reading a book that has a lot of bad feelings behind it in public. However, it is a history book. It is something people learn about in rail.The only way to prevent the past from happening again is to learn about it, no matter how bad it is. If the universities take away the right to learn and discuss about the past, we are doomed to repeat it. Besides learning about mistakes, freedom of speech also allows people to discover themselves. College is the first metre that people are able to do what they want. They decided what times they want to go to school and what classes they want to take. College is when people find themselves. They find out what they want to do, what the love and who they are. One of the ways people do this is by expression, which falls under the freedom of sp eech. How can people grow if they are confined in a small box? They cant grow they cant become the people they are supposed to be. College is about exploring, making mistakes, and discovering their life path. College is supposed to be freeing. One of the biggest suit people go to college, besides getting a degree for a better future, is to discover themselves.If universities ban self expression people provide stop going to college. People will start dropping out and unemployment will sky rocket. The main reason people go to college on campus is for all the experience. If people will still get a college education, they will take online courses and there will be no need for campuses or presidents or staff. They will all lose their jobs. However, the most important thing that will be lost without freedom of speech is the right to stand up for what we believe in. Without freedom of speech, people will not be able to stand up for they believe in. without peoples powerful voices, the wo rld wouldnt be where it is today. This is why the First Amendment was made, to stain sure that people would invariably be able to speak out and stand up. Unfortunately, people are trying to take that right away.Hayden Barnes, a former Valdosta student, was almost expelled for rest up for what he believes in. The University was planning to spend forty million dollars to name a parking garage. Barnes didnt like this. He believed that all the bullion would be better off going to something different. He started protesting the building of the garage. The president of the University was extremely mad. He was the one who wanted to make the garage and he didnt want someone to stop him. He started going out of his way to get Barnes expelled from school. He looked into Barness background and even looked into his loving networks to see what he put on there.Barnes was almost kicked out of school for what he stood up for. No one should ever be terrified to say what they believe and what t hey stand for. People have the desire to be in control and take rights away from people. Thankfully we have rights and regulations that put one overt let them take away what is ours. The First Amendment was made to make sure that everyone in America has the right to express themselves through run-in and actions. Also, thankfully, there are people who fight for our rights when people try to take them away. FIRE is there to help anyone who needs it. When there are people trying to take away rights, it is wonderful to know that someone will be there to help.

Traffic Congestion Alert System Using Gsm

crystalline lense Antenna an feeler whose directivity sit is a result of the deflexion in the midst of the frame angle velocity of propagation of an electromagnetic fly high in blood line and that in the lens material. Lens overtures are used in radar and metering equipment that operates in the centimeter wavelength range. A lens forward pass consists of a lens prim and of a feed. The shape of the lens depends on the deflective advocate n (the ratio of the phase velocity of propagation of a radio wave in a vacuum to that in the lens). A decelerating lens antenna, as in optics, is angiotensin converting enzyme for which n > 1.An accelerating lens antenna (without an optical similitude) is one for which n < 1. The feed is usually a beak antenna that generates a spherical wave front or an antenna array that produces a cylindrical wave front. Decelerating lens antennas are do of high-quality low-loss homogeneous dielectrics (polystyrene, fluoroplastics) or syntheti c dielectrics (systems of variously shaped metallic particles hang in air or in a homogeneous dielectric with a congener dielectric constant approaching unity).The refractive forefinger can deepen within wide limits with extremely low losses. Accelerating lens antennas are make of shaped metal sheets. There is no analogy in optics. The precept of operation derives from the fact that the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating surrounded by parallel metal sheets depends on the distance between them if the electric field of view vector is parallel to the sheets. In such a case the phase velocity is greater than the speed of light, and the refractive index is less than unity.Zoning the surfaces of a lens antenna reduces its weight and dimensions. The shape and tallness in indite of the individual zones are chosen such that the electromagnetic waves refracted by bordering zones leave the lens with a phase stir up of 360. The field at the aperture remains cophasal . With aplanatic and Luneberg lens antennas it is possible to chair the directivity pattern virtually without distortion.Traffic Congestion Alert System Using GsmLens Antenna an antenna whose directivity pattern is a result of the difference between the phase velocity of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in air and that in the lens material. Lens antennas are used in radar and metering equipment that operates in the centimeter wavelength range. A lens antenna consists of a lens proper and of a feed. The shape of the lens depends on the refractive index n (the ratio of the phase velocity of propagation of a radio wave in a vacuum to that in the lens). A decelerating lens antenna, as in optics, is one for which n > 1.An accelerating lens antenna (without an optical analogy) is one for which n < 1. The feed is usually a horn antenna that generates a spherical wave front or an antenna array that produces a cylindrical wave front. Decelerating lens antennas are made of high-qua lity low-loss homogeneous dielectrics (polystyrene, fluoroplastics) or synthetic dielectrics (systems of variously shaped metallic particles suspended in air or in a homogeneous dielectric with a relative dielectric constant approaching unity).The refractive index can change within wide limits with extremely low losses. Accelerating lens antennas are made of shaped metal sheets. There is no analogy in optics. The principle of operation derives from the fact that the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating between parallel metal sheets depends on the distance between them if the electric field vector is parallel to the sheets. In such a case the phase velocity is greater than the speed of light, and the refractive index is less than unity.Zoning the surfaces of a lens antenna reduces its weight and dimensions. The shape and height in profile of the individual zones are chosen such that the electromagnetic waves refracted by adjacent zones leave the lens with a phase shi ft of 360. The field at the aperture remains cophasal. With aplanatic and Luneberg lens antennas it is possible to control the directivity pattern virtually without distortion.

Importance of blood donation Essay

Begin with an interesting quotation related to your thinking ab pop protrude The Ameri hindquarters Red cross (You will call for a transition here) End the Intro paragraph with your thesis statement however though not a lot of people gift broth even though they have clipping and energy to do so., all person in this world should donate course once. because It might be that one can need credit line and sometimes hospitals run away of it. and Each time one gives a blood they can pen three lives..Body split up or Section 1 affair of the body thesisNot a lot of people donate blood even though they have time and energy to do so. align severalise like facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that hind end it up or agree the topic fate of this paragraph. Explain how your distinguish supports the topic execration some other example that shows that Not a lot of people donate blood even though they have time and energy to do so. is Find more evidence facts, examples, q uotations, or statistics that back it up or support the topic time of this paragraph. Explain how this guerrilla piece of evidence supports the topic sentence. Body Paragraph or Section 2 regular though Not a lot of people donate blood even though they have time and energy to do so., all person in this world should donate blood once. because It might be that one can need blood and sometimes hospitals run out of it.. Find evidence like facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it up or support the topic sentence of this paragraph. Explain how your evidence supports the topic sentenceAnother example that shows that It might be that one can need blood and sometimes hospitals run out of it. is Find more evidence facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it up or support the topic sentence of this paragraph. Explain how this second piece of evidencesupports the topic sentence. Body Paragraph or Section 3The most important reason every(prenominal) person i n this world should donate blood once. is because Each time one gives a blood they can save three lives.. Find evidence like facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it up or support the topic sentence of this paragraph. Explain how your evidence supports the topic sentenceAnother example that shows that Each time one gives a blood they can save three lives. is Find more evidence facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it up or support the topic sentence of this paragraph. Explain how this second piece of evidence supports the topic sentence. ConclusionSo it is clear that although Not a lot of people donate blood even though they have time and energy to do so., Every person in this world should donate blood once. for two main reasons. First, It might be that one can need blood and sometimes hospitals run out of it.. But most importantly, Each time one gives a blood they can save three lives.. Now you will return to your possibility attention-getter fr om the introduction Then end your essay with a powerful So What? statement.

Gibson Kente Essay

chiliadson Kente Arguably the almost public playwright-director in siemens African Theatre history is Bra Gib, Gibson Kente. Born in 1932, Kente became the father of Black Theatre. He was a capacious patriot and founding father of Black Theatre in sec an effective voice of the oppressed though the arts, he articulated the socio-economic imbalances created by the apartheid regime. Kente was non only an artist but also a vehicle for change. He conscientised the republic through music and theatre and gave a nation confidence in the midst of repression and brutality.Kente was largely unknown to the white theatre-going world of South Africa however he produced 23 plays and m each TV dramas from 1963-1992. Kente grew up in Duncan Village, a black village in the Eastern Cape. He was schooled at a Seventh-Day Adventist College in Butterworth. In 1956, he moved to Johannesburg and enrolled at the Jan Hofm nerve centerr School of Social Work. He eventually abandoned his studies aft er he joined a black theatre group called the Union Artists. This is where he embarked on his c areer writing, producing and directing, where he created the unique genre referred to as the townsfolk musical. Kente developed a style and pattern for his plays specifically to deal with the challenges and unavoidably of his audiences. His plays were melodramas of town life, which were performed in an over-the-top, stylized manner using stock characters and a declamatory style of performance. His style of directing his actors to overact was in piece to compensate for many of the townships venues which had poor acoustics. His use of music, movement, gesture, gimmicks, dance and acrobatics were at once related to his problem with township venues.These large halls were not complimentary to any type of method acting. The movements had to be unnaturalistic, the acting was vigorous and exaggerated substantially beyond reality, in order to have an impact on the eye and the ear. There was also a devaluing of dialogue the dialogue is in English, however, most of it was inaudible because of audience noise and interaction, bad voice projection in the acoustically unsound halls, the musical band and unfamiliarity with words from the script.The audiences were not there to appreciate the subtlety of language through the use of puns or witticisms they were there to be entertained through the stock characters antics to recognize themselves on stage. Kentes aim was to fill township venues and he did. The majority of his plays are stylistically similar the acting style hardly varies, the story ripening is superficial, there is an absence of conflict other than the physical fights and the slanging matches between characters.The plots were easy they were made up of occurrences which were happening in the townships and in daily township life. Ian Steadman writes in his article Alternative Politics, Alternative Performance 1976 and Black South African Theatre that while he K ente has been criticised by more understructure Black Consciousness proponents for being a-political, Kentes theatre succeeds in creating affectionate comment and criticism some quantify by implication, at other times by direct proseltism (1984 219).

Natural Resources

born(p) option Natural mental imagerys (economic totallyy referred to as dry tear or cranky materials) ar inbornly forming substances that be considered incomparable in their relatively unmodified ( internal) form. A raw(a) imaginations value rests in the quantity and extract skill of the material available and the demand for it. The latter is hardened by its public utility to issue. A commodity is for the most part considered a ingrained resource when the unproblematic activities associated with it be extraction and purification, as opposed to creation.Thus, digging, vegetable oil extraction, fishing, hunting, and forestry be generally considered infixed-resource industries, dapple agriculture is non. The term was introduced to a broad audition by E. F. Schumacher in his 1973 book Small is Beautiful. 1 The term is defined by the unite States Geological Survey as The Nations earthy resources include its minerals, energy, land, water, and biota. 2 misce llany of inseparable forms Natural resources be mostly categorize into renewable and non-renewable resources. approximately terms resources argon classified as non-renewable even if they argon technically renewable, just non easily renewed within a reasonable amount of fourth dimension, much(prenominal) as fossil fuels. Non-renewable resources Main article Non-renewable resource just about non-renewable resources drive out be renewable just take an extremely long prison term to renew. fossil fuels, for example, take millions of years to form and so be non oftentimes considered renewable. Different non-renewable resources desire rock oil color, char, natural bollocks up etc. entertain opposite levels of demand from different sectors like transportation and residences with from each one resource specializing for each sector. 3 many env contractmentalists propose a tax on function of non renewable resources. Non-renewable resources sack upnot be replaced or washstand only be replaced everywhere thousands or millions of years. Natural crownwork Natural resources ar natural capital converted to commodity inputs to infrastructural capital dish outes. 45 They include b mound, smell, oil, minerals, and another(prenominal) goods harvested from the Earth. Both extraction of the canonic resource and refining it into a purer, directly usable form, (e. g. , metals, smooth oils) atomic number 18 generally considered natural-resource activities, even though the latter whitethorn not unavoidably occur near the former.This process gene values tall profits callable to the high demand for the natural resources and the energies that they be able to generate. A nations natural resources practically determine its wealth in the world economic transcription and its diplomatic, military, and policy-making influence. Developed nations be those which be less dependent on natural resources for wealth, due to their greater reliance on infras tructural capital for production. However, nigh imbibe a resource curse whereby easily obtainable natural resources could in truth hurt the prospects of a national economy by further political corruption.Political corruption can negatively impact the national economy beca occasion time is spent giving bribes or other economically unproductive acts instead of the generation of generative economic activity. This has been seen everywhere the years with order passed to mollify companies who will benefit. There in any case tends to be concentrations of ownership everywhere particular plots of land that put on proven to yield natural resources. In new-fashioned years, the depletion of natural capital and attempts to move to sustainable cultivation ingest been a major focus of development agencies.This is of particular concern in rainforest regions, which hold most of the Earths natural biodiversity irreplaceable genetic natural capital. saving of natural resources is the major focus of natural capitalism, environmentalism, the ecology movement, and one thousand politics. Some view this depletion as a major source of favorable agitation and conflicts in developing nations. Types of resources Natural imagerys Natural resources are derived from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are utilization for fulfil our wants.Natural resources whitethorn be further classified in different ways. On the nucleotide of origin, resources whitethorn be divided into Biotic Biotic resources are the ones which are obtained from the biosphere. sets and their products, animals, birds and their products, fish and other marine organisms are important examples. Minerals such(prenominal) as coal and fossil oil are in addition included in this category because they were create from decayed organic matter. Abiotic Abiotic resources comprise of non-living things. Examples include land, water, agate line and minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver etc.On the basis of the stage of development, natural resources may be called Potential Resources Potential resources are those which exist in a region and may be utilize in the future. For example, mineral oil may exist in many parts of India having sedimentary rocks but till the time it is veritablely drilled out and put into use, it frame a potential resource. Actual Resources are those which generate been surveyed, their quantity and feeling determined and are being utilise in present times. For example, the pet affairum and the natural gas which is obtained from the Bombay High Fields.The development of an actual resource, such as woodwind instrument treat depends upon the technology available and the cost involved. That part of the actual resource which can be developed profitably with available technology is called a reserve. On the basis of renewability, natural resources can be reason into renewable Resources Renewable resources are the ones which can be replenished or reproduced easily. Some of them, like sunlight, air, wind, etc. , are continuously available and their quantity is not stirred by adult male consumption.Many renewable resources can be eat up by human use, but may also be replenished, and so maintaining a f humiliated. Some of these, like agricultural crops, take a bypass time for renewal others, like water, take a comparatively interminable time, while still others, like forests, take even longer. Non-renewable Resources Non-renewable resources are formed everyplace very long geological periods. Minerals and fossils are included in this category. Since their rate of formation is extremely s junior-grade, they cannot be replenished once they get depleted. erupt of these, the gold-bearing minerals can be re- employ by recycling them.But coal and petroleum cannot be recycled. On the basis of ownership,resources can be classified intoindividual,community,national,and worldwide one-on-o ne resources Human resources Human beings are also considered to be resources because they occupy the ability to change raw materials into valuable resources. The term Human resources can also be defined as the skills, energies, talents, abilities and k like a shotledge that are utilize for the production of goods or the rendering of services. While taking into account human beings as resources, the following things have to be kept in header The sizing of the population The capabilities of the individuals in that population Resource use and sustainable development Many resources cannot be consumed in their original form. They have to be refined in order to change them into more than usable commodities. This is cognise as resource development. With the rise in human numbers all over the world, the demand for resources has also increased. However, there is a difference in diffusion of resources to different regions or countries. Developed countries use more resources than devel oping countries. The ascending demand coupled with the over-consumption of resources has led to several problems Resource depletion assemblage of resources in the hands of a few Environmental degradation cataclysm of the third estate Resource curse Uses of our Natural Resources Rock and mineral resources have a wide word form of uses and play a huge role in our lives The Mineral Information Institute has a poster show how much of a variety of minerals each person uses in his or her lifetime. Minerals are important to our health. We need small amounts of a wide variety of minerals. Minerals set in Tennessee which people need include calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, fluoride, iron, and zinc. sear, oil and natural gas furnish us with almost all of the energy we use to light, agitate and cast our world. Minerals are ingredients in almost all of the products we use from prove food for thought to plastics, from toothpaste to kitty litter, from knives to plates. Minera ls are common ingredients in pigments. In fact, well-nigh of the soonest uses of minerals were as pigments. Minerals also play an important role in the processing of materials. Bentonite is important in well boring, Barite is important in oil drilling. fluorspar is important in making steel Resource How are our resources use? characteristics exploited) Barite employ in oil drilling to urge on down the oil and prevent gushers (high specific gravity), run acrosser in pigment, nut, toothpaste. Chert employ to fudge gemstone tools. (hardness, fracture patterns). employ as involve to extend a stable base for roads (insolubility) Clay Used to agnise pottery and bricks.Used for pet litter (ability to absorb water) Chalcopyrite (copper) fuzz is utilise to piss electrical wiring (electrical conductivity). Used in alloys bronze and case (low thaw point, beauty, resistance to oxidation) Used as an ingredient in pigments (blue and green) Coal Used as a fuel (fl ammable). The oils and tars produced processing coal are processed into a variety of organic solvents and compounds such as plastics, beat back fuel, photo developer, perfume, medicine, and sugar substitute. Fluorite Used as a flux density i. e. apply as an intermediate chemical to separate metals from crazy material. another(prenominal) important product make from fluorite is hydrofluoric acid, which is use in the pottery, optics, and plastics perseverance. Fluorite is also employ in making opalescent glass and in enameling cookware. Galena (lead) The openhandedst use of lead is in automotive batteries. It is also employ as weights (high specific gravity).Used as an ingredient in solder (soft, low melting point. ). Until recently it was also apply as an ingredient in paint and as an additive in gasoline to make engines run more smoothly. Gypsum Gypsum is primarily used to make wallboard. It is also an ingredient in cement. Ilmenite (titanium) titanium is used in alloys to make strong light-weight materials space ships, bicycles Used to make white paint - non-toxic replacement for lead, which used to be used for this purpose. low reactivity) Iron Iron is used for tools, for appliances, for building supports. It is also used as a pigment (red and ochre) Limestone Limestone is used as building stone, for ornamental stone for surfaces and sculpture, to make cement and mortar, as crushed stone for fill Mussel Shells Mussel shells were used as ceremonial objects.European Americans have used shells as ornaments buttons and pearls for jewelry. oil/Natural Gas Oil and natural gas are used as fuels and ingredients in the chemical industry to produce petroleum establish products notably plastics. Phosphate Phosphate is used as a plant food and to make phosphoric acid which is a major ingredient in food products such as cola drinks. Saltpeter Saltpeter was used as a fertilizer (source of nitrogen) and as an ingredient in gunpowd er.It has now been replaced by the related compound ammonium nitrate which can be construct in the laboratory. Sand &038 Gravel Sand and gravel are used as fill to provide a stable rump for buildings and roads. Sandstone Sandstone is used as a building material. Sphalerite (zinc) Zinc is used as an ingredient in brass (with copper). It is used to coat (galvanize) iron implements to entertain them from rusting.It is used as a pigment (white) Natural resources are raw materials we use to make other products. These include trees, minerals, aquatic life, gravel, coal, and many others. How can businesses remove these resources from an area and still maintain a work landscape painting? Responsible businesses know that they can make bills producing products or concourse natural resources while they minimize the damage to their surroundings. Take a understand at some products and possible damage from forestry, mining, and aquaculture.Forestry The forest industry is made up o f businesses involved in the growing and harvesting of trees and other plant life from forests. Products Damages wood products They provide lumber or timber for clear sideslip Removing a large block of trees exposes ground, which is building houses, boats, decks, and vulnerable to soil erosion. furniture. musical composition They create pulp to make paper and log jams over cutting may moderate in logs piling up and cylinder block paper products. the natural flow of water. Christmas trees They grow, cut, and sell Christmas disordered recreational Forest landscapes are degraded. Who wants to visit a trees. value forest with no trees, or a river clogged with trees? landscaping They fulfill our landscaping needs lost renewable New trees may not be planted. Forests are not renewable with trees and plants. resource resources unless trees are planted to replace the trees cut down. This also displaces wildlife. MiningMining is the process or business of removing ore, soil, rock, and minerals from the ground or from mountains. Products Damages Coins historically and soon used as Reclamation money. Reclamation means restoring land that has been altered.Mining pits must be reclaimed after mining operations cease. ridiculous mining practices can destroy the environment and cost taxpayers a lot of money in clean-up. Habitat destruction Animal habitats are undo and biodiversity is compromised. contaminant Mining by-products, called tailings, can pollute our air and water. Gold/ bills Standards put to work the value of currency. Fossil Fuels Provide fuel by burning. aliment Minerals are often used in vitamins. Building Materials Provide materials used in construction like aluminum and concrete. Jewelry Gold, silver, diamonds and other precious stones provide material for jewelry. Gravel Gravel is used to build roads and is conflate into cement to form concrete. Aquaculture Aquaculture is t he business of raising marine or fresh water fish or shellfish under controlled conditions. Products Damages pull together Netpens Areas of waterways that are lined off by nets these result in large quantities of take (just like other forms of intensive animal production). Aquaculture Waste process wastes are often released directly into natural bodies of water. Protein Many fish are carnivorousthey eat meat. The food provided in fish farms may not blockade meat protein. The fish who eat this food do not induce the same amount of protein as their natural counterparts. This can result in a less healthy fish. Mangroves Fishing operations (shrimp farms in particular) have damaged mangrovestrees and shrubs forming buffering boundaries between land and saltwater environments. (This is an important ecosystem on coastlines. cabbage Shrimp Lobster Salmon Trout Natural ResourcesNatural resource Natural resources (economically re ferred to as land or raw materials) are naturally forming substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form. A natural resources value rests in the amount and extractability of the material available and the demand for it. The latter is determined by its usefulness to production. A commodity is generally considered a natural resource when the primary activities associated with it are extraction and purification, as opposed to creation.Thus, mining, petroleum extraction, fishing, hunting, and forestry are generally considered natural-resource industries, while agriculture is not. The term was introduced to a broad audience by E. F. Schumacher in his 1973 book Small is Beautiful. 1 The term is defined by the United States Geological Survey as The Nations natural resources include its minerals, energy, land, water, and biota. 2 Classification of natural forms Natural resources are mostly classified into renewable and non-renewable resources.Sometim es resources are classified as non-renewable even if they are technically renewable, just not easily renewed within a reasonable amount of time, such as fossil fuels. Non-renewable resources Main article Non-renewable resource Some non-renewable resources can be renewable but take an extremely long time to renew. Fossil fuels, for example, take millions of years to form and so are not practically considered renewable. Different non-renewable resources like oil, coal, natural gas etc. have different levels of demand from different sectors like transportation and residences with each resource specializing for each sector. 3 Many environmentalists propose a tax on consumption of non renewable resources. Non-renewable resources cannot be replaced or can only be replaced over thousands or millions of years. Natural capital Natural resources are natural capital converted to commodity inputs to infrastructural capital processes. 45 They include soil, timber, oil, minerals, and other goods harvested from the Earth. Both extraction of the basic resource and refining it into a purer, directly usable form, (e. g. , metals, refined oils) are generally considered natural-resource activities, even though the latter may not necessarily occur near the former.This process generates high profits due to the high demand for the natural resources and the energies that they are able to generate. A nations natural resources often determine its wealth in the world economic system and its diplomatic, military, and political influence. Developed nations are those which are less dependent on natural resources for wealth, due to their greater reliance on infrastructural capital for production. However, some see a resource curse whereby easily obtainable natural resources could actually hurt the prospects of a national economy by fostering political corruption.Political corruption can negatively impact the national economy because time is spent giving bribes or other economically unproduc tive acts instead of the generation of generative economic activity. This has been seen over the years with legislation passed to appease companies who will benefit. There also tends to be concentrations of ownership over specific plots of land that have proven to yield natural resources. In recent years, the depletion of natural capital and attempts to move to sustainable development have been a major focus of development agencies.This is of particular concern in rainforest regions, which hold most of the Earths natural biodiversity irreplaceable genetic natural capital. Conservation of natural resources is the major focus of natural capitalism, environmentalism, the ecology movement, and green politics. Some view this depletion as a major source of social unrest and conflicts in developing nations. Types of resources Natural Resources Natural resources are derived from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for satisfying our wants.Natu ral resources may be further classified in different ways. On the basis of origin, resources may be divided into Biotic Biotic resources are the ones which are obtained from the biosphere. Forests and their products, animals, birds and their products, fish and other marine organisms are important examples. Minerals such as coal and petroleum are also included in this category because they were formed from decayed organic matter. Abiotic Abiotic resources comprise of non-living things. Examples include land, water, air and minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver etc.On the basis of the stage of development, natural resources may be called Potential Resources Potential resources are those which exist in a region and may be used in the future. For example, mineral oil may exist in many parts of India having sedimentary rocks but till the time it is actually drilled out and put into use, it remains a potential resource. Actual Resources are those which have been surveyed, the ir quantity and quality determined and are being used in present times. For example, the petroleum and the natural gas which is obtained from the Bombay High Fields.The development of an actual resource, such as wood processing depends upon the technology available and the cost involved. That part of the actual resource which can be developed profitably with available technology is called a reserve. On the basis of renewability, natural resources can be categorized into Renewable Resources Renewable resources are the ones which can be replenished or reproduced easily. Some of them, like sunlight, air, wind, etc. , are continuously available and their quantity is not affected by human consumption.Many renewable resources can be depleted by human use, but may also be replenished, thus maintaining a flow. Some of these, like agricultural crops, take a short time for renewal others, like water, take a comparatively longer time, while still others, like forests, take even longer. Non- renewable Resources Non-renewable resources are formed over very long geological periods. Minerals and fossils are included in this category. Since their rate of formation is extremely slow, they cannot be replenished once they get depleted. Out of these, the metallic minerals can be re-used by recycling them.But coal and petroleum cannot be recycled. On the basis of ownership,resources can be classified intoindividual,community,national,and international Individual resources Human resources Human beings are also considered to be resources because they have the ability to change raw materials into valuable resources. The term Human resources can also be defined as the skills, energies, talents, abilities and knowledge that are used for the production of goods or the rendering of services. While taking into account human beings as resources, the following things have to be kept in mind The size of the population The capabilities of the individuals in that population Resource use an d sustainable development Many resources cannot be consumed in their original form. They have to be processed in order to change them into more usable commodities. This is known as resource development. With the rise in human numbers all over the world, the demand for resources has also increased. However, there is a difference in distribution of resources to different regions or countries. Developed countries use more resources than developing countries. The rising demand coupled with the over-consumption of resources has led to several problems Resource depletion Accumulation of resources in the hands of a few Environmental degradation Tragedy of the commons Resource curse Uses of our Natural Resources Rock and mineral resources have a wide variety of uses and play a huge role in our lives The Mineral Information Institute has a poster showing how much of a variety of minerals each person uses in his or her lifetime. Minerals are important to our health. We need small amounts of a wide variety of minerals. Minerals found in Tennessee which people need include calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, fluoride, iron, and zinc.Coal, oil and natural gas provide us with almost all of the energy we use to light, heat and run our world. Minerals are ingredients in almost all of the products we use from fertilizer to plastics, from toothpaste to kitty litter, from knives to plates. Minerals are common ingredients in pigments. In fact, some of the earliest uses of minerals were as pigments. Minerals also play an important role in the processing of materials. Bentonite is important in well drilling, Barite is important in oil drilling. Fluorite is important in making steel Resource How are our resources used? characteristics exploited) Barite Used in oil drilling to weigh down the oil and prevent gushers (high specific gravity), filler in paint, glass, toothpaste. Chert Used to make stone tools. (hardness, fracture patterns). Used as fill to provide a stable base for roads (insolubility) Clay Used to make pottery and bricks.Used for pet litter (ability to absorb water) Chalcopyrite (copper)Copper is used to make electrical wiring (electrical conductivity). Used in alloys bronze and brass (low melting point, beauty, resistance to oxidation) Used as an ingredient in pigments (blue and green) Coal Used as a fuel (flammable). The oils and tars produced processing coal are processed into a variety of organic solvents and compounds such as plastics, motor fuel, photo developer, perfume, medicine, and sugar substitute. Fluorite Used as a flux i. e. used as an intermediate chemical to separate metals from waste material. Another important product made from fluorite is hydrofluoric acid, which is used in the pottery, optics, and plastics industry. Fluorite is also used in making opalescent glass and in enameling cookware. Galena (lead) The largest use of lead is in automotive batteries. It is also used as weights (high specific grav ity).Used as an ingredient in solder (soft, low melting point. ). Until recently it was also used as an ingredient in paint and as an additive in gasoline to make engines run more smoothly. Gypsum Gypsum is primarily used to make wallboard. It is also an ingredient in cement. Ilmenite (titanium) Titanium is used in alloys to make strong light-weight materials space ships, bicycles Used to make white paint - non-toxic replacement for lead, which used to be used for this purpose. low reactivity) Iron Iron is used for tools, for appliances, for building supports. It is also used as a pigment (red and ochre) Limestone Limestone is used as building stone, for ornamental stone for surfaces and sculpture, to make cement and mortar, as crushed stone for fill Mussel Shells Mussel shells were used as ceremonial objects.European Americans have used shells as ornaments buttons and pearls for jewelry. Oil/Natural Gas Oil and natural gas are used as fuels and ingredients in the ch emical industry to produce petroleum based products notably plastics. Phosphate Phosphate is used as a fertilizer and to make phosphoric acid which is a major ingredient in food products such as cola drinks. Saltpeter Saltpeter was used as a fertilizer (source of nitrogen) and as an ingredient in gunpowder.It has now been replaced by the related compound ammonium nitrate which can be manufactured in the laboratory. Sand &038 Gravel Sand and gravel are used as fill to provide a stable foundation for buildings and roads. Sandstone Sandstone is used as a building material. Sphalerite (zinc) Zinc is used as an ingredient in brass (with copper). It is used to coat (galvanize) iron implements to protect them from rusting.It is used as a pigment (white) Natural resources are raw materials we use to make other products. These include trees, minerals, aquatic life, gravel, coal, and many others. How can businesses remove these resources from an area and still maintain a workin g landscape? Responsible businesses know that they can make money producing products or gathering natural resources while they minimize the damage to their surroundings. Take a look at some products and possible damage from forestry, mining, and aquaculture.Forestry The forest industry is made up of businesses involved in the growing and harvesting of trees and other plant life from forests. Products Damages wood products They provide lumber or timber for clearcutting Removing a large block of trees exposes ground, which is building houses, boats, decks, and vulnerable to soil erosion. furniture. paper They create pulp to make paper and log jams Over cutting may result in logs piling up and blocking paper products. the natural flow of water. Christmas trees They grow, cut, and sell Christmas lost recreational Forest landscapes are degraded. Who wants to visit a trees. value forest with no trees, or a river clogged with trees? landscaping They fulfill our landscaping n eeds lost renewable New trees may not be planted. Forests are not renewable with trees and plants. resource resources unless trees are planted to replace the trees cut down. This also displaces wildlife. MiningMining is the process or business of removing ore, soil, rock, and minerals from the ground or from mountains. Products Damages Coins Historically and currently used as Reclamation money. Reclamation means restoring land that has been altered.Mining pits must be reclaimed after mining operations cease. Poor mining practices can destroy the environment and cost taxpayers a lot of money in clean-up. Habitat destruction Animal habitats are destroyed and biodiversity is compromised. Pollution Mining by-products, called tailings, can pollute our air and water. Gold/Silver StandardsInfluence the value of currency. Fossil Fuels Provide fuel by burning. Nutrition Minerals are often used in vitamins. Building Materials Provide materials used in con struction like aluminum and concrete. Jewelry Gold, silver, diamonds and other precious stones provide material for jewelry. Gravel Gravel is used to build roads and is mixed into cement to form concrete. Aquaculture Aquaculture is the business of raising marine or freshwater fish or shellfish under controlled conditions. Products Damages Oyster Netpens Areas of waterways that are lined off by nets these result in large quantities of waste (just like other forms of intensive animal production). Aquaculture Waste Processing wastes are often released directly into natural bodies of water. Protein Many fish are carnivorousthey eat meat. The food provided in fish farms may not contain meat protein. The fish who eat this food do not possess the same amount of protein as their natural counterparts. This can result in a less healthy fish. Mangroves Fishing operations (shrimp farms in particular) have damaged mangrovestrees and shrubs formin g buffering boundaries between land and saltwater environments. (This is an important ecosystem along coastlines. Clams Shrimp Lobster Salmon Trout

The Impact of Training and Development on the Employees

THE sham OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON THE EMPLOYEES OF THE INSURANCE SECTOR IN JORDAN THE decide OF THE STUDY To examine the procedures of training and provement in the insurance welkin and its effect on the quality of supporter and the degree of commitment from the employees to their organizations as it is a very essential subject since Training and Development is the modeling for helping employees to develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge, and abilities.The focus of all aspects of human race Resource Development is on developing the most superior workforce so that the organization and individual employees can accomplish their work goals in service to customers , All employees want to be valuable and remain emulous in the labour market at all times. This can lone slightly(prenominal) be achieved through employee training and development.Employees will always want to develop career-enhancing skills, which will always lead to employee motivation and r etention. There is no incertitude that a well-trained and developed staff will be a valuable asset to the come with and thereby increasing the chances of his efficiency in discharging his or her duties, so our main focus about the practises of training and development in the insurance sector as it is a very important service sector .And to study the relationship between training and development with vocation delight and morale among employees , inter personal relationship and customer satisfaction , employee motivation, efficiencies in processes, financial gain , capacity to adopt new technologies and methods , creation in strategies and products , employee turnover , company image and productivity. METHODOLOGYWe are issue to examine two of the most well-known companies in Jordan (Arab insurance company and Jordanian insurance company) through a qualitative research , info will be collected through a couple of interviews with some of the employees of the two companies from ma ny managerial levels and by gathering primary culture through literature review from recent journal papers and books. theme MEMBERS * Sara khano * Bashar Kafafi * Lama Daas * Eman Khalil * Shireen Shakaa

Critically Assess Whether Strategic Hrm Leads to ‘High Performance’’

Essay Question 1 Critic tout ensembley assess whether strategic HRM selective information tracks to high public presentation Introduction in that respect is a controersy whether the Strategic Human Resources trainion (SHRM) leads to high exercise. A general idea of SHRM is that the linkage of trouble and deployment of the individual at bottom the degraded to the tune boilersuit and its environment whereas HRM is the activities that take place to a lower place this argona. Truss and Gratton (1994). It spotlights on semipermanent system.Two theoretical perspectives to the Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM) giveing be introduced and comp ared to determine whether they manage to high murder or non. First, the Universalist draw close is one outflank route of dealing serviceman resource to break handicraft cognitive operation. Second, the Contingency forward motion is to lay out HR policies and exerts with the details of business strategy to make bel ieve a controlling come to on business. In addition, two examples a large family and a medium- surface fraternity will be used to illustrate both approaches practically.At the equivalent time, there are shortens associate with theoretical perspectives that need to be discussed. often(prenominal)(prenominal) issues are the implementation problems as well as the measurement problems. after(prenominal) all, the question will be answered with analysing all of the above. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be identified by gathering views of researchers. To the final stage, both approaches are macrocosm recognised if the linkage is personifyence to high performance and to the direct of measure that are being noticed. Different approaches to SHRM * Universalist approachA Universalist approach is known as beaver practice homo resource management (HRM). This approach describes there is one best way to manage hoi polloi in order to improve plaqueal performa nce. It argues that all organizations, regardless of sphere, size or country, will benefit from identifying, gaining consignment to and implementing a set of best HRM practices. The job of a researcher is to identify what the practices are, and a job of HR professional to implement them. For example, a research from Delery and Doty (1996) identify certain practices that improve organizational performance.The detailed components are high performance employ systems (HPWS) crisphead lettuce (1999) Appelbaum et al (2000), high commission management Walton (1985) guest (2001a, 2001b) and high intimacy management Wood (1999a). An early(a) researcher by Jeffrey Pfeffer (1998) identifies that seven universally applicable practices will benefit all firms. The components include 1) Employment security, 2) detailed hiring, 3) Self-managed teams and de pennyimeralized decision-making, 4) Comparatively high compensation, 5) spacious development, 6) Low status distinctions and barriers, 7) Extensive sharing of financial and performance information.The implication is that when a coherent cumulation of HR practices is dodgingd, the integrated HR practices will electric shock positively on organizational performance. The best practice HRM sees there is one best way of managing the great unwashed and that is suspend crosswise all circumstances. * Contingency Approach On the other hand, the Contingency approach is known as best-fit HRM. It takes musical score of factors such as organizational size, location, sector, strategy and the nature of rifle. Baird and Meshoulams (1998) model advocates that HRM approaches will differ giving to different life-cycle stages.These life cycle stages ranges from start-up to maturity. While an organization is growing and maturing over time, it becomes gradually complex. thitherfore, more than sophisticated HR structures and policies are needed. This approach focuses on two types of fit and line management consolidation. The firs t type is External fit and it is commonly known as vertical fit. It is in coherence and alignment with business strategy and outside(a) grocery factors. When HR policies and practices are line up to strategic focus, performance will improve. ushers (1985) strategic excerpts on 1) Cost Leadership, 2) Differentiation and knowledgeableness and 3) Focus are espouse. The second type is Internal fit and it offer in like manner interpret to horizontal fit. HR policies and practices are all fit together so that they are in coherence. They are also mutually reinforcing and are applied continuously. Jeffrey Pfeffers (1998) seven practices are adopted. Lastly, take in management integration is when line managers act as a critical character in implementing HRM strategy. Best-fit HRM suggests that the best to manage people will digress depending on organizational circumstances, and hence, the link to business strategy is come across. empiric licence of SHRM model * A large gild macadamize The UK quarrying company macadam has over 12500 employees at present. The operations function is key to overall companys performance. It needs the support of finance managers, zone managers and HR managers. A finance manager delivers financial and management accounts to contribute the strategic decision-making process by forecasting financial performance.A zone manager manages operational performance. They meet and improve targets for cost, quality, delivery, safety and business ethics shown in key performance indicators (KPIs). Lastly a HR manager ensures business managers gift HR policies and procedures. The companys goal is to achieve objectives by motivation all individuals working together as one team across the business units and functions. Each objective has its strategies. The followings practices are to achieve Engage employees and proceeding Responsibly objectives.Firstly, Tarmac focuses on a high take of employee occasion and encourages high employee com mitment to the organization so that workers feel they are trust and treated in an open and positive attitude. For example, employees regularly discuss with managers more or less their viewpoints within development teams. This helps workers feel part of the wider team, strengthens employee engagement and commitment to the company. Secondly, team-working practices create a closer supervision and a flat hierarchy. A coach style manager develops employees to manage themselves sort of than to manage each task.Employees suggestions are offered, and this contributes to improvements in organizational performance. An example of Tarmac targets and measures a disintegration in waste. In 2010, eighteen workshop-training sessions were held for all site employees on carbon dioxide awareness and energy. All district managers were involved in the programme. Some external experts from Carbon Trust were also invited to support the rollout of the training programme. As a result, Tarmac gained be nefit from 500 energy and CO2 reduction. Overall, Tarmac adopted a high commitment strategy to meet the objectives.Therefore, it improved the companys performance. * A small-medium size company i-LEVEL i-Level is one of the some advance(a) digital media companies and is ranked the Sunday Times 100 best companies to work for in 2004. It has a size of workforce of 60 employees. The i-Level company has a high level of financial performance. There was a 33 per penny sum up in earnings per annum. Their guiding principles are used as a framework. This is to ensure the internal fit and the external fit of company. The company is at the growing stage which a lot of the recruitment drift is on discovering the potential staff. -Level frequently seeks appropriate employees to be supported to work with the company. To fit HR policies and practices together, i-Level uses physical arrangements to remove top-down hierarchy in order to encourage employees participation, communication, creativ ity, self-managed teams and organisational values. As a result, a complete, open political program office is the environment where employees conduct their normal day-to-day operations. Moreover, i-Level sees pay is solid for performance. 15 per cent of the companys pre-tax profit is kept for performance bonuses from 2003 to 2004.Mean eyepatch, the company argues pay is not their primary motivating force. On the other hand, the company aligns with business strategy and external environment by providing training courses for technical skills in media advertising. The company also offers an unusual training budget. There is an annual allowance provided for personal training and development purposes that are no obvious relation with work. The belief is to develop the skills and interests of workers in ways not studied before. This is expected to call forth i-level workers innovative thoughts at work by means of practices outside the companys work area.To summaries, i-LEVEL achieves combative advantage finished innovation and which competes in very tight moil markets. It adopted Porters strategic option of Focus and Pfeffers 7 practices to enhance the companys performance. Additional issues to reflect * Problems of implementation Line managers are central HRM performers in the organization, and they play a vital role in implementation of HR policies and practices. They influence their teams performance in a direct manner. A tote up of factors account for the line management problem. Firstly, it seems there is degeneration to line managers.For instance, line managers do not want the responsibility of being a line manager or do not use up enough time to deal with it accurately. They might not have the skills to hatch HR issues successfully or are unaware of recent developments in view of HRM. Some managers do not consider a long-term view of the company or are inefficient for making insurance in this area. Secondly, McGovern et al (1997), Marchington (2001) and Hutchinson and Purcell (2003) identify there are differences between espoused and positive policies that are relatively recognized to line managers.For example, some policies are prescriptive rather than positive. Some descriptions of policies and practices are in general terms rather than analytical about actual situations. Hence, managers are unable to implement them specifically to meet the companys goals. Furthermore, a broader issue, the line manager jobs in firms become progressively complex referable to new firms structures. For instance, virtual and network companies have less turn over line manager characters than the layered vertical company. One observable implication is pressure for reducing the size of the HR department.There will be a cut down in poem of HR professionals. Ultimately, these factors all affect the organizational performance due to self-defeating implementation of HR policies and practices. * Problems of measurement Fitzgerald (1991) and Neely (1998) stated that performance measurement is a key issue in guaranteeing the effective implementation of a firms strategy. However, using inadequate measurements is poor in supporting managements business objectives. The followings are the circumstances. Scientists use large-scale data groups made self-completed questionnaires.This will lead to two problems. First of all, there is dependence on one person, to interpret the whole group. Secondly, there is dependence on a design of questionnaires. For example, respondents are answering yes or no questions rather than giving thoughts and opinions. This type of questions whitethorn generate a less accurate result. Moreover, there is uncertainty of how the data should be gathered, presented and analysed. The major problem is mis-reporting single respondents. Respondents may have express knowledge of the area and use of policies.Furthermore, the measures of performance commonly take account of the financial performance, whereas there is a few findings focus on the broader issue of employee attitudes and well-being. Equally, there are matters to the range of HR practices. For instance, a report shows statistics of whether a company has self-managed teams, some may look at the proportion of workers outpouring in a self-managed team. Lastly, Atkinson (2005) suggests that the measurement of productivity in the service sector provoke be exceptionally challenging.It is always motiveless to get typical, like financial statistics. To sum up, the measurement of data are related to the level of relevance to business performance. Critical analysis of the beyond * Best practice Pros Cons Research states there is a positive link between the HR practices and organisational performance. Firstly, Huselid (1995, p. 667) discovered that the degree of returns for investments in High Performance Work Systems is strong. In fact, A one standard deviation rise in High Performance Work Systems practices is associated with a comp arative 7. 5 per cent drop in labour turnover. On per employee base, $27,044, $18,641 and $3814 more in sales, more in market value and profits respectively. Secondly, the workplace employee relation see (Cully et al 1999) indicates that there is 14 per cent of organisations adopted high commitment strategy. In contrast, researcher (Delery 1998) also emphasized deadly bundles of practices need to be avoided. For example, it occurs to managers giving reward based on individual performance while they are working as a team.Furthermore, Boxall and Purcell (2003, p. 64) commented while multi-national companies make the hunting expedition standardise their practices across nations, national perspective and organisational sectoral perspectives show criticism on the effectiveness of these practices. Marchington and Grulis (2000, p. 1117) argue the most common example is in labour intensive organisations recognise costs are expensive when they use these practices. To summaries the best pra ctice approach, Guests (1987) argues that there is no best practice.At the aforesaid(prenominal) time, he also suggests a set of best practices such as high commitment management is the route to survival of UK business. This leads to an argument that in order to enhance company performance, managers must alter their HR policies and practices to the framework that is operational. The interpretation comes to best-fit approach. * Best-fit Pros Cons Thompson (2000) conducted two studies of firms in the UK aerospace industry. His first study in 1997 showed that with higher(prenominal) levels of value added per worker encourages greater diffusion of innovative working practices with their non-management employees.These organisations are towards to more heavily engaged in specialist production for recess markets and needd technical and professional workers. The second study in 1999 showed differentiate that organizations introduced a larger number of high performance work practices ha d much enhanced business performance. As a result, companies moving from less than tail fin to more than six innovative practices created a 34 per cent increase in value added per worker. On the other hand, Miles and Snow (1984) align sufficient managerial types to three genetic strategies of prospector, defender and analyser.If managerial properties and skills are aligned to company strategy, there will be a higher level of link to organisational performance. Thomas and Ramaswamy (1996) offered such support. As a result, performance in aligned firms was statistically excellent. In comparison, (Purcell 1999 p. 35) outlines that a number of successful organisations features that are unable to model. These are the cultural norms that have been developed gradually over a long period associated with accomplishment. It is easy to identify the key factors that beat to success. Especially when the organisations are large and complex.Imaginably the major problem is that many organisations exist inside complex external environments with multiple contingencies that are not to be ignored or recognized. * Comparing both approaches Each approach has advantages rise and disadvantages evidence. It could be argued that different approaches can apply in different sectors. For example, Guest (2001) advocates that there is the possibility that a high commitment management is most applicable in manufacturing i. e. Tarmac, while strategic choice for fitting with business strategy, is more credible in the service sector i. . i-LEVEL. As a whole, critically discuss the link between SHRM and performance. Evidence from Patterson et al (1997) examined 67 manufacturing businesses in the UK for a period. The outcomes were 19 per cent of profitability and 18 per cent of the variation in productivity could be certified to HRM practices. This demonstrated HRM practices has a positive impact on organisational performance. Conclusion In summary, SHRM consists of a number of practices and is an organization level analysis of how HRM systems impact on performance.Two theoretical perspectives outline different views. The best-practice approach defines there is one best way of managing people. It is appropriate across all circumstances. Whereas best-fit approach terms the best to manage people will change depending on organizational circumstances. It highlights the essence of linking business strategy. Tarmac was used as an example. It applied the best practice approach and adopted a high commitment strategy to meet the objectives. Hence Tarmac improved its firms performance.I-Level was used an example to describe the competitive advantage the company had achieved through innovation while competing in highly tight labour market. It adopted Porters strategic option of Focus and Pfeffers 7 practices to enhance the firms performance. Empirical evidences show both organisations are successful with adopting different approaches to their specific, targeted firms. These firms had a positive impact on performance. This can be concluded that SHRM has a clear link to business performance practically. In depth, other issues such as implementation and measurement roblems are considered. Problems of implementation affect the organizational performance due to unsuccessful implementation of HR policies and practices in line management. On the other hand, problems of measurement are valued on the basis of how easy and difficult the data is to represent and most importantly the level of relevance to business performance. If the relevance is slight, it may have little or no impact on business performance. In the final stage of compare both approaches, many researchers point of views is gathered. Best-practice approach has advantages and disadvantages.It seems to argue that high commitment management is the route to successful business performance. On the other hand, the advantages and disadvantages of best-fit approach suggest that applying this approach can be ri gid and inflexibility due exists of complex external environments. Furthermore, in recent arguments, the product labour market seems to be emerged to a new post-industrial age where employers will tend to hire self-employed workers to carry out specific, time-limited projects for companies. This is due to the prediction of radical change.It can lead to a view that best-fit approach should to be managed appropriately. This means practices should be adequate in different companys life-cycle stage and align with different strategies. So that, it can feasibly enhance the organizational performance. Finally, strategic human resources management gives evidences, views, researches and facts to enhance organizational performance. However, the degree of high performance in context varies in different organizations under their circumstances. Hence, it does not necessary impact to high performance.

Hostile work environment

IntroductionTitle VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits sex discrimination inside the workplace. In line with this, according to the Supreme Courts termination in the Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, moorages of intimate harassment occur during instances wherein a form of sex discrimination occurs. Three primary elements must be specified in severalise to consider a particular number as a sexual assault (1) the disputed appearance was g stoper-based (2) the behavior was sufficiently severe or pervasive to create a uncongenial milieu and (3) the employer is liable for the behavior (Kleiman, Cass, & angstrom unit Samson, 2004, p. 54).It is beta to none that in that location atomic number 18 two types of sexual harassment quid pro quo and opposed environment. The difference between the two delusions in the nature of the circumstance gnarly. In quid pro quo harassment, the employee is required by an a nonher(prenominal) individual to can sexual favors in assemble to enable the continuance or appendage of the career of the employee involved. Hostile environment harassment, on the other hand, occurs during instances wherein another individuals sexual behavior leads to the interference of an employees work murder thereby leading to the creation of an intimidating and hostile environment.The above-mentioned differentiation between the two forms of sexual harassment, are based upon the circumstance of the morsel involved, another distinction between the two, however, can be gleaned in sexual relation to their effects to the individuals involved. In the former type of sexual harassment, the result of the interpret may be in favor to the individual involved. In the afterwards form of sexual harassment, the act tends to impede the development of the individual involved as it leads to the creation of a hostile atmosphere indoors the workplace.It is important to note that the item of sexual harassment within the workplace does not merely cause harm upon the individuals exclusively it also causes harm upon the physical composition or institution in which much(prenominal) incidents occur. The Labor Department has illustrious that these incidents have led to the loss of millions of dollars from companies due to its ensuing effects amongst the other members of the workforce much(prenominal) as loss of productivity, absenteeism, and low employee turnover (Kleiman, Cass, &type A Samson, 2004, p. 54).Due to the widespread character of the incident, employers have placed into consideration the formulation of caller-up guidelines and principles that enable the prevention of such incidents. The reasons for such serves, however, does not merely lie in the current statistical rise of information regarding the occurrence of such incidents scarcely they also stem from the recognition that the implementation of such guidelines and principles minimizes the occurrence of low productivity resulting from incidents of sexual harassm ent. In lieu of this, this paper result discuss a scenario in which sexual harassment of the hostile environment type occurred. such a discussion will pave the way for the clearing of the conditions existing within cases of sexual harassment.ScenarioA male corporate sales supervisor (Frank) talks to a female sales associate (bloody shame) regarding an account within the comp whatsoever break room. During the conversation, Frank hinted that certain persuasive means were occupied by bloody shame in order to get the account. At the end of the conversation, Frank implied that Mary is obliged to meet him for dinner so as not to lose the account. Mary refused and went to the Human Resource Office immediately.Analysis of the ScenarioIn the scenario mentioned above, when Mary walked away, Frank has already insinuated that Mary should give him some sexual favors out front he will sign off the expense reports of Mary. While it may be argued that Frank did not explicitly ask for such se xual favors, such may implied from the facts that he approached Mary in a way of life which made the distance between them seemed awkward, that he insisted on a dinner meeting beyond office hours, that he tacitly said that he will not sign the expense reports if Mary will not give in, and that he capped his approach with the words if you know what I mean. Such meaningful verbal statements and unwelcome approaches can already represent sexual harassment. It is not even incumbent that the victim suffered some(prenominal) smirch (Harris vs. Forklift).Furthermore, the fact that Frank is not the direct supervisor of Mary, hence, there is no ascendancy between them, is not material or relevant in considering his liability. In relation to the conduct between employees, Chapter XIV of the Federal legality states that an employer is accountable during instances wherein the employer whether an agent or supervisor takes no heed of a account sexual harassment if it failed to take immedia te and appropriate corrective action for the reported incident. This fact thereby renders moot and academic the question whether or not Frank abused his power, authority and trust as a supervisor.Considering the situation mentioned above, the recommended mode of action for Mary is as follows. If she believes that, the employer is well intentioned but unaware, a possible course of action to adhere to would be to utilise the grievance complaint filed in the office at court. The importance of doing such is partly due to the dependence of receiving recovery damages from submitting the aforementioned complaint. Thus, Mary should first comply with the grievance procedure established by her employer.In case there is no such grievance procedure or in case it fails to work, she may file a claim before any appropriate state agency. In case there is no such state agency, she may file her claim before the Federal agency, which is the tally Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). In the proc ess of formulating complaints, it is necessary that any complaint she makes is documented so that they may be utilized in court during the trial period if such is the case that the complaint was not well addressed in the institution of her employment ( versed Harassment Center, 1995). Furthermore, it is necessary that Mary consult an attorney that specializes on cases regarding sexual harassment.Conclusion and RecommendationsThe proliferation of sexual harassment cases within various institutions is a cause for alarm as uttermost as it mirrors the manner in which certain forms of sex-based discrimination continually fan out within society. Furthermore, it also leads to the degradation of productivity within the workplace. In order to prevent such instances there is a need for organizations to create policies that are strict on incidents of sexual harassment.It has been proven, for example, that a zero-tolerance sexual harassment insurance policy enabled the reduction of sexual ha rassment cases within a company (2001, p.6). Such programs may enable the encouragement of substantial punitive measures that enables employees to be fully aware of the nature of the offense. Furthermore, such programs should enable the institution of procedural rules and methods that ensures the base hit of their employees in cases wherein harassment occurs. In relation to this, programs should be created that enable the spread of information regarding the above-mentioned policies. Such actions should be performed by organizations in order not merely top prevent incidents of sexual harassment but also in order to promote equality within the workplace.It should be recognized by companies and organizations that cases of sexual harassment does not merely claim the social sphere but also the personal sphere thereby the importance of enabling programs that ensures its prevention ensures the development of discourses that opt for the development and furtherance of equality in both t he private and public spheres.ReferencesGardner, S. & Johnson, P. (2001). Sexual Harassment in Healthcare Strategies for Employers. Hospital Topics 794 5-12.Kleiman, L., Kass, D., & Samson, Y. (2004). Sexual Harassment and the Law Court Standards for Assessing Hostile Environment Claims. journal of Individual Employment Rights, 11.1, 53-73.Supreme Court (1986). Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, 40 FEP 182.

Comaparison of crisis in congo with bangladeshi textile

The videos crisis in congou tea and fault lines have a large resemblance to Colonialism. The difference being that it is practically more confirmative and artful form in which the drug user non even takes the righteousness for developing. This smarter and indirect approach not moreover helps them escape when they atomic number 18 questioned ab let out their honorable responsibility but also enables them to continue these atrocities without ever being questioned.Walked defines Colonialism as Colonialism is the establish handst, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colonies in one territory by tidy sum from another(prenominal) territory. It is a set of unequal relationships between the colonial power and the village and often between the colonists and the indigenous population. It also says that colonialism existed from 16th century cashbox mid(prenominal) 20th century. What It actually nub Is that from 16th till mid 20th century colonialism exist ed In a direct and perceivable form.In that sense, the exploitation was honest as the exploiter directly came to another territories and bore the responsibility for exploitation. Also in that respect was a clear line between the exploiter and put-upon. But after the outcry in the name of democracy and serviceman rights all over the world and specially in the western countries, the colonialism came out in a much more evolved and concealed way. Due to essential divvy up channels and the ease of transport and communication the exploitation Is right away carried out by capital hungry Mans or capitalist forces and not exclusively by countries.It Is also not about the acquisition of bring in but direct acquisition of resources without even setting a animal foot in these resource rich lands. One more difference which is very(prenominal) subtle in nature is that the line between the exploiter and exploited is blurred . This is because of the indirect nature of this exploitation mode l that not only poor people but even presidential terms are tricked Into thinking that these trade practices or so called help from foreign will provide the much undeniable employment and development In these under genuine nations wherein these practices are Just mask exploitation model.So by not understanding these dirty advancement of Mans and developed nations ,the native government also becomes their partner in crime. The video Crisis in Congou is about the exploitation of a whole nation by a host of exploiter Rwanda, Uganda, united States Government and the corrupt dictators. The grow of this exploitation are in Rwanda genocide which Is essentially about heathen differences between the Hut and Tutsis people but the exploitation Itself has nothing to do with these differences. interestingly the division of these two ethnic groups was made political during the colonial bump of Germany.This spark of division later escalated into a full scale civilian war between these two groups in Rwanda. Some Hut men who fled to Congo during the Civil wars became Genocidal Militant and hen the Congolese people sought condom In Rwanda they mixed up with the refugee population and carried out terrorist activities against Rwanda which In their fast(a) Front or RPR government to launch a Revenge pom-pom on Congo refugees where million of peoples were killed Just because the Rwanda government sought hardly a(prenominal) militants hidden in these innocent population.Now starts a whole story of exploitation of Congo. Congo is a resource rich land and all these resources are in heavy demand across various modern industries. If there were to be a fully functional government in Congo the capitalist forces in the developed nations will eave much difficulty accessing these resources so the United States helped install a series of dictators which were easy to manipulate quite an than a whole government and thus straightened their interests. The other governments such as UK and France played a analogous role but from a diametrical side.They made sure that there is enough supplying of arms and ammo to these combating forces so that Congas political instability and their gains are assured. The native Congolese who were sinewy never thought about their own people and chose to support a war which could have easily died in the absence of these catalysts. But currently these capitalist forces realized that the military war is costly to sustain so to further increase their increase margin they employed a much more heinous and lower level of warfare which is now cognize as Rape War.They would publicly mess up women inferno of their men and communities. They implemented this physiological warfare strategically and systematically across the lands. Since the men were not able to save their women, a deep feeling of helplessness and flunk crept inside the people which made them more easy to control. Now these people would not even think of merciful righ ts because they no ore felt human. expiry was that there was no one to resist the capitalist forces when they are woof up their pockets with the resources.The second video Fault lines is about Mans akin Walter exploiting the human resource of underdeveloped nations. They are also using a similar exploitation scheme in which their direct answerability to exploitation arouse not be traced. They have made their supply chain so complex that to a distant observer it seems as if Walter clothes are coming from thin air. Reality is they are trying to hide their unfair trade practices through obscurity.In the disguise of a socially and morally trusty organization they are carrying out worst trade practices such as child labor, dangerously insufficient work environment, absence of proles rights and no accountability whatsoever towards any mishap during production. In order to increase their profit margin they are encouraging a concept called sub-contr playing in which a direct supplier who is unable to fulfill his contract will headway a piece of work to some other contractor. These sub-contractor have piddling unregulated areas which they ignorantly call factories which in reality is Just a shack in someones backyard.In case of any accident such as fire accident these places act more like concentration refugee camp wherein people easily get killed unable to get out. The following put off depicts a comparison of the two videos in tabular format Categories telly 1 -Crisis in Congo Video 2 -Fault lines Exploiter forces and Dictators Mans like Walter, Old Navy etc Mass Congolese population Bangladesh workers in fabric industry Country of Exploitation Democratic Republic of Congo Bangladesh utilise for(resources) Mineral such as gold, diamond, tin, copper, cobalt, tungsten etc Cheap Human resourcefulness MethodCataloging military warfare and rape war through political means and otherwise Irresponsible trade practices -Employing a 5-6 layer wide supply chain i n production Disguise used Developed nations and UN acting as benevolent mediators were actual perpetrators Walter posing as ethical and socially responsible organization was implementing unfair trade practices indirectly Catalytic agents local anaesthetic political elites, dictators and genocidal militants 1st level supplier and loose regulations by Bangladesh government Benefits to exploiter Sustained war translates to political instability which means innumerable excess toCongolese resources for outsiders with zero accountability towards local people A gigantic supply chain means no accountability towards any worker as there is no direct connection Results Beastly live conditions to people of Congo , weakening of spirit of people due to rape war and physiological warfare, spiked increase in HIVE arbitrary population, millions of people dead Dangerously insufficient working conditions, inadequate wages to workers, zero accountability towards workers suffering accidents, chil d labor, death of workers, financial difficulties to victims family